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Buying or selling a home is one of the biggest financial commitments you’ll ever make, and knowing exactly what costs to expect can make the process far less stressful. In her latest insight, Kerry Parsons , Residential Property Conveyancing Team Lead & Consultant Chartered Legal Executive at Woodstock Legal Services, explains the essentials of Stamp Duty Land Tax (SDLT) in 2025, and what every homeowner, first-time buyer, or investor needs to plan for. What Is Stamp Duty Land Tax (SDLT)? Stamp Duty Land Tax (SDLT) is essentially a property tax applied when you purchase a home in England or Northern Ireland. It’s based on the purchase price of the property, with higher rates applying to more expensive homes. For most buyers in 2025, SDLT starts on properties worth over £125,000. That means if your new home costs more than this threshold, you’ll need to budget for SDLT in addition to your deposit, legal fees, and other moving expenses. If you’re a first-time buyer, the rules are more generous. You currently pay no SDLT up to £300,000 and then pay 5% on anything up to £500,000. It’s worth noting that SDLT doesn’t apply in Scotland or Wales, where separate systems, Land and Buildings Transaction Tax (LBTT) in Scotland and Land Transaction Tax (LTT) in Wales, operate. For buyers in England and Northern Ireland, however, SDLT is unavoidable in most transactions and can have a significant impact on your overall budget. Why SDLT Catches Buyers Out The importance of planning ahead One of the most common mistakes buyers make is treating SDLT as an afterthought. While it might not be the most exciting part of moving house, it can cause real financial headaches if you haven’t factored it into your budget early on. For example: Bu ying a freehold home for £300,000 as a first-time buyer = no SDLT. Buying a £300,000 home, having owned a property before = £5,000 in SDLT. That’s a significant extra cost, and one that can derail your finances if it isn’t planned for. Many buyers budget carefully for deposits and mortgage repayments, but overlook SDLT until late in the process. By then, it can feel like an unexpected bill rather than a cost you’ve prepared for. If you’re unsure, you can use the government’s free SDLT calculator to estimate your liability before making an offer Calculate Stamp Duty Land Tax SDLT and moving chains Another reason SDLT often catches people out is that many moves involve chains. This is selling one property while buying another. If your transaction is dependent on timing, or you’re buying before your sale completes, your SDLT liability could change, especially if you temporarily own two homes. Factoring in this possibility early is key to avoiding unnecessary stress later. Higher Rates for Additional Properties If you’re buying an additional property, such as a buy-to-let, a second home, or if you’re keeping your old property while purchasing a new one, you’ll usually have to pay 5% on top of SDLT rates if buying a new residential property means you’ll own more than one. This catches many people out. Even if you’re only keeping your old home for a short time, you’ll typically need to pay the surcharge upfront and then apply for a refund later, provided you sell within the current three-year window. For example, a property worth £350,000 would typically attract SDLT of about £7,500. But if it’s an additional residential property, the higher‐rate surcharge raises that to around £25,000, which is a major increase. T hat’s why getting professional advice early in the process is so valuable. Can You Claim SDLT Relief or Exemptions? There are limited situations where SDLT reliefs or exemptions may apply. For example: Transfers between spouses or civil partners Purchases involving multiple dwellings Certain mixed-use properties or shared ownership arrangements For most straightforward home purchases, however, SDLT will apply in some form. If you think your circumstances may qualify for relief, it’s always best to seek advice from a specialist tax adviser alongside your conveyancer. It’s also worth noting that SDLT rules can become complex in cases involving trusts, company purchases, or inheritance. In these situations, specialist legal and tax advice is essential to avoid mistakes or unexpected liabilities. SDLT Changes in the UK – Why You Shouldn’t Assume If it feels like Stamp Duty Land Tax is always in the headlines, that’s because it is. Successive governments frequently tweak SDLT rules and thresholds, sometimes permanently and sometimes temporarily. For example, during the pandemic, a stamp duty holiday provided buyers with short-term relief, only for thresholds to revert afterwards. More recently, SDLT has been a topic of political debate, with calls for reform from different parties. This is why it’s essential not to rely on what a friend or colleague paid in the past. The SDLT rules in 2025 may look very different to those in 2020 or even 2023. Always check the current SDLT rules with your conveyancer or a trusted tax adviser before making any financial commitments. My Conveyancing Advice – Plan Ahead and Budget Early From my experience as a conveyancer, the best advice I can give is to treat Stamp Duty Land Tax as a central part of your property budget from the very beginning. Knowing what you’ll owe early gives you room to plan your mortgage realistically and helps you avoid any last-minute surprises. It also ensures you don’t overstretch your finances when you should be enjoying the excitement of your move. It’s also important to remember that your conveyancer submits the SDLT return on your behalf, but it remains your personal tax return. The calculation could be incorrect if you don’t provide full and accurate information about your circumstances. Always be upfront with your conveyancer or tax adviser to ensure everything is properly declared. Another tip is to keep an eye on government announcements. Even small changes in thresholds or exemptions can make a significant difference to your liability. By staying informed and speaking with your conveyancer early, you’ll have a clear picture of what to expect. Final Thoughts on Stamp Duty Land Tax in 2025 Angela Rayner’s recent comments may have reignited the debate on SDLT, but the basics remain unchanged: SDLT applies to most property purchases in England and Northern Ireland Rules vary for first-time buyers, movers, and second-home purchases Planning ahead is critical to a smooth and stress-free move At Woodstock Legal Services, we don’t provide tax advice, but we do ensure our clients are fully informed throughout the conveyancing process, including SDLT obligations, and can signpost you to a tax specialist if you need additional guidance.